Collection System

Design an appropriate collection system to transport wastewater from its source (residential, industrial, etc.) to the treatment plant. This typically involves a network of pipes, pumping stations, and manholes.

Regulatory Compliance

The study evaluates whether the property complies with applicable environmental regulations, permits, and requirements. This includes reviewing permits, licenses, and compliance records related to air quality, water quality, hazardous waste management, and other environmental aspects.

Screening and Grit Removal

Install screens to remove large debris and grit chambers to remove heavy solids like sand and gravel. These preliminary treatment steps protect downstream processes and equipment from damage or clogging.

Primary Treatment

Wastewater flows into primary settling tanks, also known as clarifiers or sedimentation tanks. In these tanks, heavier particles settle to the bottom as sludge, while lighter substances like oils and greases float to the top and are skimmed off. The partially treated wastewater flows out of the settling tanks.

Secondary Treatment

The primary treated wastewater undergoes secondary treatment to further remove organic matter and nutrients. One common method is the activated sludge process, where wastewater is mixed with a population of microorganisms (activated sludge) in aeration tanks. The microorganisms consume the organic matter, converting it into biomass and carbon dioxide. The mixture then flows to secondary clarifiers, where the biomass settles, and the clarified effluent is separated.

Tertiary Treatment

Depending on the specific requirements and regulations, tertiary treatment may be necessary. This step involves additional processes like filtration, disinfection, and nutrient removal to further improve the water quality. Filtration can be done using sand filters or membrane systems, while disinfection may involve chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, or ozonation.